Building Scalable Web Applications with Next.js 14

As web applications scale, small inefficiencies in architecture or component structure can snowball into major performance bottlenecks. In this post, I’ll share lessons learned from building and maintaining React-based platforms used by millions.

1. Start with a Component Architecture

Early in development, invest in a scalable design system. Tools like Storybook help enforce atomic design principles. Create reusable components with strong prop typings and encapsulate styles using CSS-in-JS or utility-first CSS like Tailwind.

function Button({ label }: { label: string }) {   return <button className="btn-primary">{label}</button>; }

2. Optimize State Management

Avoid unnecessary global state. Use useContext and useReducer for localized logic, and adopt libraries like Zustand or Jotai for scoped stores. For larger apps, combine RTK with Redux Toolkit Query.

const useStore = create((set) => ({   user: null,   setUser: (user) => set({ user }), }));

3. Code Splitting and Lazy Loading

Use React.lazy, dynamic imports in Next.js, and prioritize critical rendering paths. Lazy-load non-blocking UI.

const LazyModal = React.lazy(() => import('./Modal'));

4. Performance Monitoring

Track Web Vitals like FID, CLS, and LCP using Lighthouse, Sentry, and React Profiler. Profile re-renders with DevTools.

5. Testing for Confidence

Use Playwright or Cypress for E2E, and Jest with React Testing Library for components. Enforce coverage in CI/CD.

Conclusion: Invest in systems, not just code. Consistency and structure matter most at scale.